Oxygen And Its Compounds


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Oxygen And Its Compounds

Oxygen (0):  Oxygen (atomic number 8; atomic weight 15,9994; and electronic configuration 2, 6), under ordinary conditions, is a colourless, odourless gas. The most abundant of all the elements in the earth's crust, it forms about one-fifth (by volume) of the atmosphere.

It is a most useful element; both combustion and respiration involve oxygen. It has many uses. Oxyacetylene burners produce very high temperature flames for cutting and welding metal. When steel is being made, oxygen is used to remove the impurities from the molten iron, Pure oxygen, stored in cylinders, is used to support breathing- to help patients in hospitals, and for high altitude or underwater work. Space rockets have to carry liquid oxygen in order to burn their fuels in space; in manufacturing liquid rocket fuels, liquid oxygen is used to burn either liquid hydrogen or kerosene.

The oxygen cycle is an important natural process. Respiration and commercial activities transform oxygen to carbon dioxide and other gases. Photosynthesis by green plants uses carbon dioxide to release oxygen.Ozone: Ozone is a powerful oxidising allotropic form of oxygen. The ozone molecule contains three atoms (0). Having a characteristic, pungent odour, ozone is irritating to mucous membranes and toxic to human beings and lower animals. Ozone is formed when electrical apparatus produces sparks in air.

Ozone is a powerful oxidising agent. In the presence of water, it is a powerful bleaching agent. Ozone is used in the treatment of drinking water supplies.

Ozone occurs to a variable extent in the earth's atmosphere. Near the surface, the concentration is usually 0.02-0.03 ppm. At vertical elevations above 20 km, ozone is formed by photochemical action on atmospheric oxygen. Atmospheric ozone acts as a selective filter for ultraviolet rays, stopping the harmful ones and letting the beneficial ones by .

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